Results of investigations of human energy expended by orange pickers show that pickers are 25% more efficient when picking fruit from the ground than during general picking. Picking fruit from a ladder is not appreciably less efficient than general picking. ladder-carry and setting require twice the energy per unit of time as general picking.

Paul, Minnesota Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota. Assistance with this study was also obtained from the personnel of Central Valley Citrus & Packing Co., Orange Cove Citrus Ass'n, and Rancho Sespe. Juan Castillo, Ramino Rodriguez, Pete Carrillo, and Eliseo Vasguez were the pickers who cooperated during the study.